GENERAL INFORMATION
The common ling is one of the largest fish of the Gadiformes order reaching a maximum length of 200 cm, with a mean length of about 70-90 cm according to data from the annual Icelandic spring groundfish survey. It is a demersal fish that preys on fish and invertebrates and can be found at depths 10 and 1300 meters but is mainly caught at depths between 100 and 400 meters. It reaches sexual maturity at the age of 5-8 years and 60-80 cm total length. Ling spawns in May and June mostly along the edges of the south, southwest and west of the Icelandic continental shelf.
The fishery
Landings trends
In 1947 to 1971, landings of ling from Icelandic waters ranged between 8000 to more than 15000 tonnes. Landings decreased between 1972 and 2000 to as little as 3000 tonnes as a result of most foreign vessels being excluded from the Icelandic EEZ. In 2001-2010, catches increased constantly and reached 11 000 tonnes in 2010 and remained at that level for the most part until 2014, when the catches increased to 14 000 tonnes. Since 2014, ling catches have reduced and in 2023, 8534 tonnes were landed (Table 1 and Figure 1)
The fishery for ling in Icelandic waters has not changed substantially in recent years. Around 100-300 longliners annually report catches of ling, around 30-200 gillnetters and around 60-140 trawlers. Most of ling is caught on longlines (Figure 2, Table 1) which has increased since 2000 to around 66% in 2023. At the same time the proportion caught by gillnets has decreased from 20–30% in 2000–2007 to approximately 2% in 2023. Catches in trawls have varied less and have been at around 20-30% of Icelandic catches (Figure 2).
Most of the ling caught by Icelandic longliners is caught at depths less than 300 m, and by trawlers at less than 400 m (Figure 3). The main fishing grounds for ling as observed from logbooks are in the south, southwestern and western part of the Icelandic shelf (Figure 4). The main trend in the spatial distribution of catches according to logbook entries is the decreased proportion of catches in the southeast and increased catches on the western part of the shelf two decades ago. Around 50% of ling catches are caught on the southwestern part of the shelf (Figure 5). In recent years, the main fishing pressure has shifted towards shallower waters (Figure 3).
Year | Longliners | Gillnetters | Trawlers | Longline | Gillnet | Trawl | Others | Total_catch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 289 | 184 | 143 | 1538 | 704 | 890 | 77 | 3284 |
2001 | 254 | 232 | 131 | 1093 | 1061 | 639 | 79 | 3362 |
2002 | 235 | 203 | 124 | 1282 | 648 | 852 | 61 | 4519 |
2003 | 244 | 172 | 119 | 2210 | 454 | 850 | 70 | 4270 |
2004 | 234 | 165 | 116 | 2017 | 545 | 977 | 187 | 4606 |
2005 | 260 | 127 | 116 | 2046 | 501 | 1497 | 268 | 5198 |
2006 | 259 | 99 | 106 | 3732 | 629 | 1697 | 225 | 7405 |
2007 | 251 | 86 | 106 | 4042 | 633 | 1642 | 282 | 7591 |
2008 | 208 | 68 | 96 | 5004 | 477 | 1927 | 330 | 9283 |
2009 | 208 | 78 | 88 | 6232 | 723 | 2193 | 468 | 10773 |
2010 | 197 | 69 | 87 | 6532 | 363 | 2528 | 444 | 10963 |
2011 | 201 | 61 | 82 | 5595 | 222 | 2625 | 348 | 9626 |
2012 | 206 | 62 | 81 | 7479 | 245 | 2509 | 462 | 11817 |
2013 | 209 | 62 | 85 | 6779 | 345 | 2808 | 266 | 11581 |
2014 | 220 | 57 | 78 | 8728 | 673 | 2717 | 231 | 14246 |
2015 | 207 | 55 | 75 | 7766 | 650 | 2802 | 333 | 13035 |
2016 | 186 | 55 | 72 | 5244 | 681 | 2426 | 232 | 9884 |
2017 | 171 | 48 | 71 | 4903 | 556 | 2063 | 171 | 8766 |
2018 | 151 | 47 | 68 | 4061 | 387 | 2114 | 195 | 8062 |
2019 | 148 | 33 | 61 | 4688 | 115 | 2009 | 180 | 8269 |
2020 | 124 | 36 | 67 | 3540 | 138 | 1985 | 174 | 7061 |
2021 | 119 | 39 | 66 | 3812 | 126 | 2074 | 99 | 7128 |
2022 | 103 | 30 | 64 | 4059 | 262 | 2236 | 242 | 7657 |
2023 | 88 | 32 | 62 | 5648 | 175 | 2497 | 232 | 8534 |
Landing data available
In general sampling is considered good from commercial catches from the main gears (longlines and trawls). Sampling does seem to cover the spatial distribution of catches for longlines and trawls but less so for gillnets. Similarly, sampling does seem to follow the temporal distribution of catches (Figure 6).
Landings and discards
Data on landings by Icelandic vessels are collected by the Icelandic Directorate of Fisheries. Landings of Norwegian and Faroese vessels are registered through the Icelandic Coast Guard. Discarding is banned by law in the Icelandic demersal fishery. Based on limited data, discard rates in the Icelandic longline fishery for ling are estimated very low (<1% in either numbers or weight) (WGDEEP, ICES 2011:WD02). Measures in the management system such as converting quota share from one species to another are used by the fleet to a large extent and this is thought to discourage discarding in mixed fisheries. A description of the management system is given in the area overview (ICES 2019).
Data available
In general sampling is considered good from commercial catches from the main gears and seems to cover the spatial distribution of catches (Figure 6). Similarly, sampling does seem to follow the temporal distribution of catches (Figure 6).
Length compositions
Most length measurements of ling are from longlines and bottom trawls (Table 2). The number of available length measurements increased in recent years in line with increased landings but in 2020 they were fewer (due to the covid pandemic). Length distributions from the Icelandic longline and trawling fleet are presented in Figure 7. Sampling from commercial catches of ling is considered good; both in terms of spatial and temporal distribution of samples (Figure 6).
Year | Longlines | Gillnets | Demersal_seine | Trawls | Other | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 1624 | 566 | 0 | 377 | 6 | 2573 |
2001 | 1661 | 493 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 2191 |
2002 | 1504 | 366 | 0 | 221 | 0 | 2091 |
2003 | 2405 | 300 | 0 | 137 | 143 | 2985 |
2004 | 2640 | 348 | 46 | 141 | 150 | 3175 |
2005 | 2323 | 31 | 101 | 349 | 180 | 2954 |
2006 | 3354 | 645 | 0 | 1157 | 405 | 5557 |
2007 | 3661 | 0 | 76 | 400 | 0 | 4137 |
2008 | 5847 | 357 | 15 | 819 | 150 | 7188 |
2009 | 9014 | 410 | 0 | 516 | 450 | 10390 |
2010 | 7322 | 57 | 0 | 1146 | 1200 | 9724 |
2011 | 7248 | 0 | 150 | 1234 | 750 | 9393 |
2012 | 11356 | 85 | 150 | 1411 | 1337 | 14339 |
2013 | 19405 | 267 | 122 | 993 | 1344 | 12131 |
2014 | 6448 | 1286 | 120 | 2089 | 2964 | 12907 |
2015 | 3315 | 1563 | 0 | 2615 | 3052 | 10545 |
2016 | 2483 | 2039 | 0 | 2460 | 1212 | 8194 |
2017 | 1637 | 485 | 0 | 1963 | 1226 | 5311 |
2018 | 1424 | 559 | 0 | 1603 | 712 | 4298 |
2019 | 3598 | 0 | 0 | 1830 | 819 | 6247 |
2020 | 1099 | 4 | 0 | 1718 | 498 | 3439 |
2021 | 1056 | 0 | 0 | 2028 | 466 | 3550 |
2022 | 563 | 370 | 0 | 1805 | 1534 | 4272 |
2023 | 1284 | 90 | 0 | 2423 | 0 | 3797 |
Age compositions
Aged data are available from 2000 onwards (Table 3). In previous years, most of the ling caught in the Icelandic spring survey were between age 5 and 8 but from longlines the age was between 6 and 9. The past several years have shown a much larger composition of older fish, common up to 12, from both sample sources (see Survey Data, next section).
Year | Longlines | Gillnets | Demersal_seine | Trawls | Other | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 650 | 200 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 1000 |
2001 | 550 | 193 | 0 | 37 | 0 | 780 |
2002 | 519 | 166 | 0 | 150 | 0 | 835 |
2003 | 900 | 100 | 0 | 150 | 50 | 1150 |
2004 | 750 | 100 | 46 | 100 | 50 | 996 |
2005 | 750 | 0 | 0 | 231 | 50 | 981 |
2006 | 1137 | 288 | 0 | 550 | 100 | 1975 |
2007 | 1300 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 0 | 1450 |
2008 | 1950 | 150 | 0 | 365 | 50 | 2465 |
2009 | 2550 | 150 | 0 | 400 | 150 | 3100 |
2010 | 2498 | 50 | 0 | 850 | 400 | 3398 |
2011 | 2546 | 0 | 50 | 700 | 250 | 3296 |
2012 | 3521 | 50 | 50 | 541 | 400 | 4562 |
2013 | 2590 | 100 | 50 | 350 | 450 | 3540 |
2014 | 665 | 225 | 20 | 399 | 514 | 1823 |
2015 | 595 | 300 | 0 | 483 | 520 | 1898 |
2016 | 440 | 345 | 0 | 460 | 220 | 1465 |
2017 | 310 | 85 | 0 | 370 | 225 | 990 |
2018 | 245 | 100 | 0 | 310 | 120 | 775 |
2019 | 385 | 0 | 0 | 340 | 140 | 865 |
2020 | 225 | 40 | 0 | 355 | 102 | 772 |
2021 | 180 | 0 | 0 | 398 | 100 | 678 |
2022 | 183 | 80 | 0 | 400 | 318 | 981 |
2023 | 320 | 20 | 0 | 564 | 0 | 904 |
Weight at age in catch
Mean weight at age in the catch is shown in Figure 10. Catch weights of the older year classes (8-12 years) have been increasing in recent years and have mostly been above average since 2018. The opposite is seen in catch weights of younger age classes, where the mean weight has been below the average for the past years.
Catch and effort
The CPUE estimates of ling from commercial fisheries in Icelandic waters have not been considered representative of stock abundance.
Survey data
The Icelandic spring groundfish survey, which has been conducted annually in March since 1985, covers the most important distribution area of the ling fishery. In addition, the autumn survey was commenced in 1996 and expanded in 2000, however a full autumn survey was not conducted in 2011 and therefore the results for 2011 are not presented.
Figure 12 shows distribution of ling in groundfish surveys in spring 2024 and autumn 2023. Figure 13 shows both a recruitment index and the trends in biomass from both surveys. Length distributions from the spring survey are shown in Figure 14 (abundance) and changes in spatial distribution in the spring survey are presented in (Figure 15).
Ling in both the spring and autumn surveys are mainly found in the deeper waters south and west off Iceland. Both the total biomass index and the index of the fishable biomass (>40 cm) gradually decreased in the spring survey until 1995 (Figure 13). In the years 1995-2003 these indices were half of the mean from 1985–1989. In 2003-2007, the recruitment indices increased and remained high until 2010. The index of the large ling (80 cm and larger) shows a similar trend as the total biomass index (Figure 13). The recruitment index of ling, defined here as ling smaller than 40 cm, showed a considerable increase in 2003-2007 and remained high until 2010. Then the juvenile index fell to a very low level in 2014 and remained low until 2021. Since then, the recruitment indices have been ascending, as well as the indices of larger fish as it reached the highest recorded value in the time series in 2024 (Figure 13).
Length distributions from the spring survey show a similar pattern as survey indices, with the 2012-2018 peak in abundance observed as high proportions of fish in the range of 60–100 cm, that has slowly decreased as they have reached sizes 80–120 cm (Figure 14). This pattern is likely to have caused the increase in ling sizes observed in the trawl samples (Figure 7).
Biomass indices in the autumn survey were low in 1996-2000 but have increased since then (Figure 13). There is consistency between the two surveys; the autumn survey biomass indices are however derived from substantially fewer ling caught. Also, there is an inconsistency in recruitment indices (<40 cm), where the autumn survey shows much lower recruitment, in absolute terms compared with the spring survey (Figure 13). This discrepancy is likely a result of much lower catchability of small ling (due to different gears) in the autumn survey, where ling less than 40 cm has rarely been caught.
Changes in spatial distribution as observed in surveys: According to the spring survey most of the increase during the 2012–2018 peak in ling abundance was in the western area, but an increase was seen in most areas. However, most of the index in terms of biomass comes from the southwestern area or around 40% compared to around 30% between 2003 and 2011. Since 2016, the amounts of biomass in the west and southwest have, however, reduced while the proportions in the southeast have increased, leading to a greater contribution of ling from the northwest and southeast to the total index. A similar pattern is observed in the autumn survey.
Stock weight at age
Mean weight at age in the survey is shown in Figure 17. Stock weights are obtained from the groundfish survey in March and are also used as mean weight at age in the spawning stock.
Stock maturity
Ling in Icelandic waters are mature at the age of 5-8 years and 60-80 cm total length. Maturity at age data is taken from the spring groundfish survey in March and prior to 1985 the proportion mature is assumed fixed at 1985 levels. Maturity-at-age five, six and seven has been decreasing for the past few years (Figure 18 and Figure 19), and in 2023, the mean length at maturity was around 75 cm (Figure 20).
Analytical assessment using SAM
In 2022, Ling in 5.a was reassessed as the previously benchmarked Gadget model had begun to show great instability in retrospective patterns in recent years. As a part of a Harvest Control Evaluation requested by Iceland (WKICEMSE, ICES 2022a), the stock was benchmarked (WKICEMSE, ICES 2022c) which resulted in changes in the assessment method and updated reference points. Model setup and settings are described in the Stock Annex (ICES 2022b).
Diagnostics
Model fit
Figure 21 shows the overall fit to the survey indices described in the stock annex. In general, the model appears to follow the stock trends historically. Furthermore, the terminal estimate is not seen to deviate substantially from the observed value for most length groups, with model overestimating the abundance in the two largest length group. Summed up over survey biomass the model overestimates the biomass in the terminal years. The overview of model parameter estimates are shown in Figure 26.
Results
Population dynamics of the ling estimated in this model show a clear trend of a high recruitment period from 2004-2010, corresponding with increased spawning stock biomass (SSB) and catches during the 2010-2019 period. Fishing mortality remained rather steady until 2015 but has declined since then (Figure 22).
Retrospective analysis
Analytical retrospective analysis shows a revision of spawning stock biomass over the 5-year peel (Figure 23). Estimates of F and recruitment are decently stable except for the apparent peak in 2017-2018. As explained in reference to the survey indices, this is likely the influence of highly variable survey indices that, for the smallest sizes in the most recent years, have no repeated observations at larger sizes with which this influence can be tempered. Therefore, it is expected that these recruitment peaks may simply be the result of uncertainty in survey indices and are likely to disappear in the coming assessment years.
Mohn’s ρ was estimated to be -0.0567807 for SSB, 0.091087 for F, and 0.2213527 for recruitment. Neither observation nor process residuals show obvious trends (Figure 24 and Figure 25).
Reference points
As part of the WKICEMP 2022 HCR evaluations (ICES 2022c), the following reference points were defined.
Framework | Reference_point | Value | Technical_basis |
---|---|---|---|
MSY Approach | MSY Btrigger | 11100 | Bpa |
FMSY | 0.3 | F that produces MSY in the long term | |
Precautionary Approach | Blim | 9000 | Bloss (SSB in 1993) |
Bpa | 11100 | Blim x e1.645 * σB | |
Flim | 0.95 | Fishing mortality that in stochastic equilibrium will result in median SSB at Blim. | |
Fpa | 0.62 | Maximum F at which the probability of SSB falling below Blim is <5% | |
Management plan | MGT Btrigger | 11100 | According to the harvest control rule |
FMGT | 0.3 | According to the harvest control rule |
The harvest control rule (HCR) for the Icelandic Ling fishery, which sets a TAC for the fishing year y/y+1 (September 1 of year y to August 31 of year y+1) based on a fishing mortality FMGT of 0.30 applied to ages 8 to 11 modified by the ratio SSB\(_{y}\)/MGT B\(_{\text{trigger}}\) when SSB\(_{y}\) < MGT B\(_{\text{trigger}}\), maintains a high yield while being precautionary as it results in lower than 5% probability of SSB < B\(_{\lim}\) in the medium and long term. WKICEMSE 2022 concluded that the HCR was precautionary and in conformity with the ICES MSY approach (ICES 2022c).
Management
The Icelandic Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries is responsible for management of the Icelandic fisheries and implementation of legislation. The Ministry issues regulations for commercial fishing for each fishing year (1 September–31 August), including an allocation of the TAC for each stock subject to such limitations. Ling in 5.a has been managed by TAC since the 2001/2002 fishing year.
Landings have exceeded both the advice given by MFRI and the set TAC from 2002/2003 to 2013/2014 but amounted to less than two thirds in 2015/2016 (Table 5). Overshoot in landings in relation to advice/TAC has been decreasing steadily since the 2009/2010 fishing year, with an overshoot of 53% to 35% in 2010/2011, 24% in 2011/2012 and 4% in 2012/2013. The reasons for the implementation errors are transfers of quota share between fishing years, conversion of TAC from one species to another (Figure 18) and catches by Norway and the Faroe Islands by bilateral agreement. The level of those catches is known in advance but has until recently not been taken into consideration by the Ministry when allocating TAC to Icelandic vessels. There is no minimum landing size for ling.
There are agreements between Iceland, Norway and the Faroe Islands relating to a fishery of vessels in restricted areas within the Icelandic EEZ. Faroese vessels are allowed to fish 5600 t of demersal fish species in Icelandic waters which includes maximum 1200 tonnes of cod and 40 t of Atlantic halibut. The rest of the Faroese demersal fishery in Icelandic waters is mainly directed at tusk, ling, and blue ling.
Fishing year | Recommended catch | National TAC | Catches Iceland | Catch other nations | Total catch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010/2011 | 7500 | 7500 | 9327 | 9327 | |
2011/2012 | 8800 | 9000 | 10072 | 0 | 10072 |
2012/2013 | 12000 | 12000 | 11125 | 44 | 11140 |
2013/2014 | 14000 | 14000 | 11794 | 1763 | 12982 |
2014/2015 | 14300 | 14300 | 11684 | 1974 | 13658 |
2015/2016 | 16200 | 16200 | 9773 | 1456 | 11229 |
2016/2017 | 9343 | 9343 | 7291 | 1135 | 8426 |
2017/2018 | 8598 | 8598 | 7017 | 1309 | 8326 |
2018/2019 | 6255 | 6255 | 6927 | 1101 | 8028 |
2019/2020 | 6599 | 6599 | 5972 | 1183 | 7155 |
2020/2021 | 5700 | 5700 | 6201 | 1012 | 7213 |
2021/2022 | 4735 | 4735 | 5814 | 885 | 6699 |
2022/2023 | 6098 | 6098 | 7511 | 926 | 8437 |
2023/2024 | 6566 | 6566 | |||
2024/2025 | 6479 |
Management considerations
All the signs from commercial catch data and surveys indicate that ling is at present in a good state. This is confirmed in the SAM assessment. However, the drop in recruitment since 2010 will probably result in a rapid decrease in sustainable catches in the near future.
Currently the longline and trawl fishery represent 95% of the total fishery, while the remainder is assigned to gillnets. Should those proportions change dramatically, so will the exploratory patterns as the selectivity of the gillnet fleet is substantially different from other fleets.
Year | Faroe_Islands | Germany | Iceland | Norway | UK |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002 | 1631 | 0 | 2843 | 45 | 0 |
2003 | 570 | 2 | 3585 | 108 | 5 |
2004 | 739 | 1 | 3727 | 139 | 0 |
2005 | 682 | 3 | 4313 | 180 | 20 |
2006 | 962 | 1 | 6283 | 158 | 0 |
2007 | 807 | 0 | 6599 | 185 | 0 |
2008 | 1366 | 0 | 7738 | 179 | 0 |
2009 | 1157 | 0 | 9616 | 172 | 0 |
2010 | 1095 | 1 | 9868 | 168 | 0 |
2011 | 588 | 0 | 8789 | 249 | 0 |
2012 | 875 | 0 | 10695 | 248 | 0 |
2013 | 1030 | 0 | 10213 | ||
2014 | 1604 | 0 | 12483 | 158 | 0 |
2015 | 1132 | 0 | 11653 | 250 | 0 |
2016 | 952 | 0 | 8702 | 230 | 0 |
2017 | 730 | 0 | 7792 | 244 | 0 |
2018 | 993 | 0 | 6866 | 203 | 0 |
2019 | 1023 | 0 | 7061 | 184 | 0 |
2020 | 971 | 0 | 5853 | 237 | 0 |
2021 | 832 | 0 | 6205 | 91 | 0 |
2022 | 706 | 0 | 6818 | 132 | 0 |
2023 | 825 | 0 | 7531 | 178 | 0 |
::: {#tbl-table7 .cell tbl-cap=’ Ling. Assessment summary by calendar year. Catches are ICES estimates.’} ::: {.cell-output-display}
Year | Recruitment | Rec_upper | Rec_lower | SSB | SSB_upper | SSB_lower | F_age2 | F_upper | F_lower | Catch |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979 | 2607 | 3702 | 1836 | 17529 | 22480 | 13668 | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.29 | 5284 |
1980 | 2830 | 3746 | 2139 | 16508 | 21083 | 12926 | 0.50 | 0.81 | 0.31 | 4601 |
1981 | 3175 | 4074 | 2475 | 15038 | 19153 | 11807 | 0.55 | 0.88 | 0.34 | 4577 |
1982 | 3536 | 4491 | 2784 | 13679 | 17208 | 10874 | 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.45 | 4868 |
1983 | 3793 | 4800 | 2998 | 12175 | 15085 | 9826 | 0.75 | 1.03 | 0.55 | 4907 |
1984 | 3718 | 4697 | 2943 | 10566 | 13006 | 8583 | 0.65 | 0.84 | 0.50 | 3931 |
1985 | 3432 | 4329 | 2720 | 10350 | 12499 | 8571 | 0.54 | 0.70 | 0.42 | 3525 |
1986 | 3508 | 4433 | 2776 | 10726 | 12644 | 9099 | 0.50 | 0.63 | 0.40 | 3710 |
1987 | 3769 | 4763 | 2983 | 11966 | 13873 | 10321 | 0.59 | 0.73 | 0.48 | 4928 |
1988 | 3635 | 4572 | 2891 | 12262 | 14056 | 10696 | 0.65 | 0.80 | 0.54 | 5764 |
1989 | 3279 | 4085 | 2632 | 11695 | 13354 | 10242 | 0.64 | 0.78 | 0.53 | 5600 |
1990 | 2867 | 3547 | 2318 | 11562 | 13218 | 10114 | 0.65 | 0.78 | 0.55 | 5575 |
1991 | 2619 | 3244 | 2115 | 10063 | 11465 | 8832 | 0.69 | 0.83 | 0.58 | 5696 |
1992 | 2705 | 3351 | 2183 | 9599 | 10703 | 8610 | 0.66 | 0.79 | 0.55 | 5072 |
1993 | 2918 | 3610 | 2359 | 9187 | 10062 | 8388 | 0.56 | 0.67 | 0.47 | 4121 |
1994 | 2696 | 3352 | 2169 | 11442 | 12414 | 10546 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 3701 |
1995 | 2526 | 3145 | 2029 | 11921 | 12908 | 11009 | 0.56 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 3964 |
1996 | 2518 | 3130 | 2025 | 11727 | 12690 | 10838 | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 4036 |
1997 | 2628 | 3259 | 2118 | 10548 | 11442 | 9724 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.49 | 3953 |
1998 | 3069 | 3801 | 2478 | 10602 | 11534 | 9745 | 0.57 | 0.66 | 0.50 | 4080 |
1999 | 3794 | 4691 | 3068 | 10714 | 11650 | 9854 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 4336 |
2000 | 4500 | 5559 | 3643 | 10727 | 11683 | 9849 | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.40 | 3185 |
2001 | 4817 | 5970 | 3886 | 11711 | 12733 | 10771 | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.39 | 3366 |
2002 | 5966 | 7349 | 4843 | 13034 | 14161 | 11997 | 0.51 | 0.59 | 0.44 | 4133 |
2003 | 6997 | 8653 | 5658 | 15094 | 16400 | 13892 | 0.47 | 0.54 | 0.41 | 4159 |
2004 | 8179 | 10209 | 6552 | 17431 | 18889 | 16086 | 0.48 | 0.56 | 0.42 | 4590 |
2005 | 9047 | 11291 | 7248 | 20220 | 21876 | 18690 | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.39 | 5023 |
2006 | 10378 | 12982 | 8296 | 23013 | 24846 | 21315 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.47 | 6979 |
2007 | 10484 | 13162 | 8351 | 27369 | 29573 | 25329 | 0.49 | 0.56 | 0.43 | 7221 |
2008 | 11123 | 13755 | 8995 | 29851 | 32345 | 27550 | 0.52 | 0.60 | 0.46 | 8891 |
2009 | 10838 | 13505 | 8698 | 32994 | 35758 | 30443 | 0.55 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 10316 |
2010 | 7193 | 8895 | 5816 | 31812 | 34563 | 29280 | 0.54 | 0.62 | 0.47 | 10619 |
2011 | 5015 | 6235 | 4034 | 25429 | 27754 | 23299 | 0.46 | 0.53 | 0.40 | 9768 |
2012 | 3772 | 4746 | 2998 | 31969 | 34901 | 29283 | 0.56 | 0.65 | 0.48 | 11557 |
2013 | 4398 | 5590 | 3460 | 32193 | 35298 | 29362 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.38 | 12157 |
2014 | 4208 | 5354 | 3308 | 38072 | 41892 | 34601 | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.43 | 14012 |
2015 | 4285 | 5471 | 3356 | 36308 | 40209 | 32785 | 0.52 | 0.60 | 0.44 | 13205 |
2016 | 5363 | 6944 | 4142 | 40286 | 45051 | 36025 | 0.40 | 0.48 | 0.34 | 10023 |
2017 | 4216 | 5448 | 3263 | 35840 | 40372 | 31817 | 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.33 | 9219 |
2018 | 3141 | 4121 | 2394 | 37759 | 42719 | 33374 | 0.35 | 0.43 | 0.30 | 9685 |
2019 | 2760 | 3699 | 2059 | 31796 | 36304 | 27847 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.31 | 9080 |
2020 | 2243 | 3151 | 1597 | 32065 | 37223 | 27622 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 7118 |
2021 | 2818 | 4200 | 1891 | 29799 | 35220 | 25213 | 0.29 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 7066 |
2022 | 2524 | 4135 | 1541 | 32695 | 39642 | 26965 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 8328 |
2023 | 2869 | 5241 | 1570 | 31333 | 39519 | 24842 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.25 | 8382 |
2024 | 3054 | 6171 | 1511 | 29017 | 38985 | 21598 | 0.33 | 0.52 | 0.22 | 7264 |
::: :::
References
ICES. 2011. “Report of the Working Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep-Sea Fisheries Resources (WGDEEP), 2 March–8 March, 2011, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES Cm 2011/Acom:17.” International Council for the Exploration of the Seas; ICES publishing.
2012. “Report of the Working Group on the Biology and Assessment of Deep-Sea Fisheries Resources (WGDEEP), 28 March–5 April, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES Cm 2012/Acom:17.” International Council for the Exploration of the Seas; ICES publishing.
2017. “Report of the Workshop on Evaluation of the Adopted Harvest Control Rules for Icelandic Summer Spawning Herring, Ling and Tusk (WKICEMSE), 21–25 April 2017, Copenhagen, Denmark. ICES CM 2017/ACOM:45.” International Council for the Exploration of the Seas; ICES publishing.
2022a. “11.2 Icelandic Waters ecoregion – Fisheries overview.” International Council for the Exploration of the Seas; ICES publishing. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.advice.21487635.v1
2022b. Iceland request for evaluation of a harvest control rule for tusk in Icelandic waters. In Report of the ICES Advisory Committee, 2022. ICES Advice 2022, sr.2022.6d, https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.advice.19625823
2022c. “Stock Annex: Ling (Molva molva) in Division 5.a (Icelandic grounds).” International Council for the Exploration of the Seas; ICES publishing. Unpublished
2022d. Workshop on the evaluation of assessments and management plans for ling, tusk, plaice and Atlantic wolffish in Icelandic waters (WKICEMP). ICES Scientific Reports. Report. https://doi.org/10.17895/ices.pub.19663971.v1